Global
land
governance
index

51 Average of global indicator scores, set on a scale of 0-100.

Global score

Global
Index

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Columbia

45

Country average

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Columbia

This country currently does not have enough submitted data to generate global and country land index scores.

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Secure Tenure Rights

Global average

Secure Tenure Rights

Respect, protect, and strengthen the land rights of women and men living in poverty, ensuring that no one is deprived of the use and control of the land on which their well‑being and human dignity depend, including through eviction, expulsion, or exclusion, and with compulsory changes to tenure undertaken only in line with international law and standards on human rights.

Strong Small-Scale Farming Systems

Global average

Strong Small-Scale Farming Systems

Ensure equitable land distribution and public investment that supports small‑scale farming systems, including through redistributive agrarian reforms that counter excessive land concentration, provide for secure and equitable use and control of land, and allocate appropriate land to landless rural producers and urban residents, while supporting smallholders as investors and producers, such as through cooperative and partnership business models.

Diverse Tenure Systems

Global average

Diverse Tenure Systems

Recognise and protect the diverse tenure and production systems upon which people’s livelihoods depend, including the communal and customary tenure systems of smallholders, Indigenous Peoples, pastoralists, fisher folks, and holders of overlapping, shifting, and periodic rights to land and other natural resources, even when these are not recognised by law, and while also acknowledging that the well‑being of resource users may be affected by changes beyond the boundaries of the land to which they have tenure rights.

Equal Land Rights for Women

Global average

Equal Land Rights for Women

Ensure gender justice in relation to land, taking all necessary measures to pursue both de jure and de facto equality, enhancing the ability of women to defend their land rights and take equal part in decision‑making, and ensuring that control over land and the benefits that are derived thereof are equal between women and men, including the right to inherit and bequeath tenure rights.

Secure Territorial Rights for Indigenous People

Global average

Secure Territorial Rights for Indigenous People

Respect and protect the inherent land and territorial rights of Indigenous Peoples, as set out in ILO Convention 169 and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, including by recognising that respect for indigenous knowledge and cultures contributes to sustainable and equitable development and proper management of the environment.

Locally Managed Ecosystems

Global average

Locally Managed Ecosystems

Enable the role of local land users in territorial and ecosystem management, recognising that sustainable development and the stewardship of ecosystems are best achieved through participatory decision‑making and management at the territorial level, empowering local land users and their communities with the authority, means, and incentives to carry out this responsibility.

Inclusive Decision Making

Global average

Inclusive Decision Making

Ensure that processes of decision‑making over land are inclusive, so that policies, laws, procedures, and decisions adequately reflect the rights, needs, and aspirations of individuals and communities who will be affected by them. This requires the empowering those who face limitations in representing their interests, particularly through support to organisations that inform, mobilise, and legitimately represent marginalised land users, and participate in multi‑stakeholder platforms for policy dialogue.

Transparent and Accessible Information

Global average

Transparent and Accessible Information

Ensure transparency and accountability, through unhindered and timely public access to all information that may contribute to informed public debate and decision‑making on land issues at all stages, and through decentralisation to the lowest effective level, to facilitate participation, accountability, and the identification of locally appropriate solutions.

Effective Actions Against Land Grabbing

Global average

Effective Actions Against Land Grabbing

Prevent and remedy land grabbing, respecting traditional land use rights and local livelihoods, and ensuring that all large‑scale initiatives that involve the use of land, water, and other natural resources comply with human rights and environmental obligations. Where adverse impacts on human rights and legitimate tenure rights have occurred, concerned actors should provide for, and cooperate in, impartial and competent mechanisms to provide remedy, including through land restitution and compensation.

Protection of Land Rights Defenders

Global average

Protection of Land Rights Defenders

Respect and protect the civil and political rights of human rights defenders working on land issues, combating the stigmatisation and criminalisation of peaceful protest and land rights activism, and ending impunity for human rights violations, including harassment, threats, violence, and political imprisonment.

Our commitments

Across the diversity of ILC’s network of over 200 civil society and intergovernmental organisations, our members have defined a common goal. People-Centred Land Governance (PCLG) responds to the needs, and protects the rights, of the women, men and communities who live on and from the land, respecting that they should be the ultimate decision-makers on how their land and natural resources are used. To guide our individual and collective efforts to achieve land governance for and with people, ILC’s members agreed on 10 Commitments in priority areas of action. They are a compass for our work, and we hope that they also provide a useful focus to others with a transformative agenda on land rights.

View methodologies

Indicator score table

Each commitment consists of several indicators. Hover over the cards to see the indicator names.

View methodologies
Secure Tenure Rights
1A
64
- Legal and institutional framework in place at national level for securing tenure rights, for different types of tenure and by sex
1B
81
- Women and men with legally recognized documentation or secure rights to land, disaggregated by type of tenure
1C
78
- Women and men who perceive their rights to land are protected against dispossession or eviction, disaggregated by type of tenure
Strong Small-Scale Farming Systems
2A
50
- Legal and institutional framework in place at national level to support family farmers
2B
44
- National budget and support programs dedicated to family farming
2C.1
38
- Equitable land distribution, by size
2C.2
46
- Productivity Gap
Diverse Tenure Systems
3A
46
- Legal and institutional framework in place at national level recognizes a continuum of individual and communal land rights, including secondary rights of tenants, sharecroppers, and pastoralists
3B
47
- Implementation of diverse tenure rights and regimes, including secondary rights of tenants, sharecroppers, and pastoralists
3C
62
- Those living on community land perceive their rights to land are protected against dispossession or eviction, disaggregated by sex
Equal Land Rights for Women
4A
52
- Legal and institutional framework regarding land, in place at national level, is gender-responsive
4B
35
- Share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure
4C
77
- Women who perceive their rights to land are protected against dispossession or eviction, disaggregated by type of tenure
Secure Territorial Rights for Indigenous People
5A
63
- Legal and institutional framework in place at national level recognizes indigenous peoples’ right to land, territories, and resources
5B
28
- Implementation of tenure rights on indigenous lands
5C.1
-
- Indigenous peoples who perceive their rights to land are protected against dispossession or eviction, disaggregated by sex
5C.2
59
- Percent of land held or used by indigenous peoples that is recognized
Locally Managed Ecosystems
6A
73
- Legal and institutional framework in place at national level promotes the local and sustainable management of ecosystems
6B
57
- Rural districts where land use change and land development are governed by sustainable use plans that take account of the rights and interest of the local land users and owners
6C
52
- Local control of land and ecosystems
Inclusive Decision Making
7A
61
- Legal and institutional framework in place at national level promotes the equitable representation of women and men in decision making
7B
52
- Rural land use management and changes based on public and community input
7C
43
- Target groups including women, youth, and holders of customary rights have access to and are supported to engage in multi-stakeholder platforms
Transparent and Accessible Information
8A
64
- Legal and institutional framework in place at national level calls for timely, reliable and accessible data on land and land-related issues
8B
46
- National information on public land deals are made publicly available
8C
63
- Corruption in the land sector
Effective Actions Against Land Grabbing
9A
42
- Legal and institutional framework in place at national level to prevent land grabbing in private and public investments and includes the existence of procedural safeguards
9B.1
58
- Cases where attempted land rights violations were challenged
9B.2
43
- Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other safeguards are implemented in large-scale land transactions
9C
39
- Land grabbing cases where corrective action was taken against violators
Protection of Land Rights Defenders
10A
64
- Legal and institutional framework in place at national level protects land rights defenders
10B
26
- Protective measures ensure the safety of land and environmental defenders
10C
-
- Land and environment defenders threatened, harassed, arrested, jailed, killed, or missing, disaggregated by sex

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